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E-state: development of software for intelligent public services - 12 Forum Gospodarcze TIME
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E-state: development of software for intelligent public services

E-State for the society of knowledge

The notion of e-State started to be employed in the context of the digital era at the end of the 1980’s. Definition of the term describes the processes of switching from paper to digital culture. It includes the computerization of data storage and processing, the use of ICT networks to disseminate and exchange information, the implementation of expert systems to improve decision-making processes and implementation of ICT for the provision of services, mainly through the Internet. The pace of processes referred to as State digitization is to slow. The core of the problem is the difference between cultural susceptibility of the State to changes and the pace of change taking place in the economic and social environment. The notion of e-State appeared as result of changes introduced by the digitization process. The definition of the term covers all aspects of digitization and introduces a demand for full automation of all processes of administrative decision-making, which are adopted under specific law procedures. E-State is a concept of a reform of the administration, freeing the officials from the performance of procedures and services. This will allow to release the human resources necessary to investigate social needs and to focus on methods and techniques to meet these needs even faster and more effectively. Building an e-State relies on the integration of data resources and intelligent data processing systems, which, in technical language, means a necessity to implement the techniques of Big Data – a kind of software possessing features of artificial intelligence. This will make it possible to obtain information being source of knowledge and is the basis for decision-making processes conducted in real time. This idea will help to overcome the ever-growing delays. Information, knowledge and services provided through ICT systems are transmitted to the officials through the electronic workstations and to the citizens by means of electronic communication technologies. The advances in computer technology and software help to increase the functionality of electronic workstations used by the officials. Electronic services provided by the State become more functional. Initially, the services involved in the provision of information, then started to include also transactional services. The list of services and their recipients becomes longer and longer. All these changes will translate into a need to switch from silo and hierarchy-based organisation to network and process-based organization. ICT allows for massive collection of all data on every person. It brings great opportunities, but also new problems. Similar problems arise from the popularization of electronic communications.

E-State became an important customer for the ICT, information technology and Big Data industry. It will become a permanent buyer of massive amounts of software and digital services. Development of e-State has created a multibillion-dollar market for data centres, computer technology and software. It is also related with a great challenge of integrating and securing key knowledge, information and data resources. The pace of change is equally determined by the state of knowledge and skills of the members of the society and the officials.

The main thesis of the panel discussion

Entering the era of the society of knowledge requires changes in organization, management techniques and service provision. We need to increase the pace of decision-making processes and the pace of changes in order to match it with the pace of socio-economic changes imposed by the progress of civilization and technology. It is necessary to integrate and extend the competences of the State in relation to the management of social and economic space in the areas of knowledge and information, education and training, legislation, economic and social development, conservation and management of spatial resources and  raw materials in conjunction with a multi-level and multi-layered redistribution of the generated added value.

Description of the issue

The demand of e-State for products and services produced by the digital industry depends on the level of education and training. It will increase with the growth and dissemination of digital literacy of citizens. It is bigger than its production capacity. In Poland, e-State is in the initial stage of development. The practice and procedures of bureaucracy stemming from paper culture make it impossible to effectively use the potential of the new technology, generating problems and disorganization. The current growth rate is limited by the following factors:

  • Lack of personnel with adequate knowledge and skills,
  • discrepancies between the hierarchical organization of the State and the process-oriented, integrated management system, legal system etc.,
  • legal barriers to the construction of an integrated network of data centres subject to e-State and a market supplying the network with infrastructure, hardware and software.

The AI will serve as a technological basis for e-State, which is hard to imagine today. We currently operate under a system based on the concept of managing the State implemented during the first industrial revolution. This system becomes completely inadequate when it comes to real-time management of lawmaking processes. This causes a build-up of delays and stresses. Business and social spheres do not understand why the State acts as a brake and not a leader and friendly organizer of processes necessary to implement changes. Awareness of these problems is clearly visible in the statements and actions of the Minister of Digitization. Creation of e-State requires immediate actions. T is indicates that the axis for action should be current priorities, not schedules set in a timeline. The thesis that the creation of a timetable and a plan is pointless and practically impossible is correct. Our attention should be drawn to the statement:”… I accept the principle: the sooner, the better”. We – me and my co-workers – expect backbreaking work – but there is no schedule I’m not going to make.” He adopts a process method, the essence of which is the realization of priorities, pointing out that “… they do not have a schedule. Schedules are “sewn” in priorities. We know when we have to start recruiting and when a product should start to operate”. One could only add that the decision to build e-State is a journey into the unknown. We do not know where this road (technology development) will lead us and how long it will be (the depth of changes). Our success depends on how much support we will provide to this concept of action. The winners are not those who, out of fear of making a mistake, will stick closer to the end of the pack, but those who will take lead in this race. The quality of cooperation between business and the State will define the pace of the march and the number of “flops”. Willingness to take risks associated with an innovation defined as e-state, is needed both in the case of the administration and in the case of business. Therefore, it is not worth to focus on the long list of possible services, hardware, infrastructure, finance needs and so on. These problems will be resolved through actions.

The prerequisite for effective actions is the right selection of priorities. The issues identified below are also questions about the priorities being the cornerstone for the establishment of e-State.

What we need are discussions, questions, answers and schedules:

  • Training of new personnel

what kind of actions should be taken in order to make it possible for Polish universities to train specialists on Big Data and AI, aware of the needs of an e-state? How to re-organise the administration in order to establish a system of continuous training and decrease staff fluctuations?

  • Cooperation between the state and business on the use of data resources to improve management processes and the development of the concept of reforms

How the law on data processing should be shaped? Are we ready to establish digital environment for e-state officials? Does  the development of systems and e-services require any special interoperability framework? If so, how can we define it? If not, what kind of interoperability rules should be developed and what kind of services and systems should be elaborated?

  • Responsibility and risk in the era of AI

On what legal basis we must accept the risk of errors, which are intrinsically linked to the very essence of intelligence?

  • Business models

Are the  companies  ready to propose development directions and business priorities consistent with the priorities of e-State?